A cystoscopy is a test to check the health of your urethra and bladder. You might also hear it called a cystourethroscopy or, more simply, a bladder scope. It’s an outpatient test, which means you can ...

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is labor intensive and costly to manage. Owing to long-term survival rates and life-long monitoring and treatment, it is the most expensive cancer to manage in ...

Abnormalities in voided urine cytology, including papillary aggregration and enlarged nuclei, are routinely used as markers for bladder neoplasia. Similar changes can be caused by examination of the ...