The energy that supercharged Hurricane Milton into a Category 5 storm on Monday came from the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, which have been abnormally warm not just at the surface, but at depth, too.

Average temperatures across the world’s oceans reached an all-time high in 2024, according to a multi-team study published Jan. 10. The temperatures surpassed even those of 2023, which themselves ...

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental parameter in understanding climate dynamics, ocean circulation and air–sea interactions. Advances in remote sensing techniques have considerably enhanced ...