Retrograde pyelography is a procedure commonly used by urologists involving X-ray imaging to visualize the kidneys, bladder and ureters. It involves the insertion of a cystoscope into the urinary ...

A retrograde pyelogram (RPG) is an imaging test that uses contrast dye in your urinary tract to take a better X-ray image of your urinary system. Your urinary system includes your kidneys, bladder, ...

IN 1955 Benirschke and Brown 1 reported extensively on the occurrence of congenital anomalies in association with the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries. This study, together with previous ...