When designing materials and structures at the nanoscale, it is important to be able to characterize and measure them. Getting tools to measure on these very small length scales can be challenging as ...

Scientists at Penn State have discovered an effective and precise way to make ultraminiature metal wires in very close proximity to each other. Their work—important because nanoscale construction ...

The workhorse of current nanofabrication processes, electron beam lithography (EBL), has good resolution but it is difficult to precisely control the pattern size at the sub-20 nm scale due to the ...